Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Octocaine 100
Leep RediKit
Prime Asthma Relief
Sensorcaine With Epinephrine
Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit
Epinephrine Professional
Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label
Blue Gel Anesthetic
Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Zone 2
EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Marcaine With Epinephrine
Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000
Emerade
Septocaine
Sensorcaine Forte
Primatene Mist
Xylocaine-mpf With Epi
Xylocaine with epinephrine
Numquick Analgesic
Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj
Spinal Anesthesia Tray
CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit
EPY Kit
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3
EpinephrineSnap-V
Auvi-Q
Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit
Vivacaine
Lidosite
Marcaine E
Numquick Topical Analgesic
Orabloc 1:200,000
Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector
Gingi-pak Cotton Coil
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Ana-kit
EpiPen Jr
The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief
Vasocaine
Adrenaclick
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Citanest Forte
Symjepi
Epinephrine Chloride Solution
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP
Ultracaine D-S Injection
Anapen
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Scandonest 2% Special Inj
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine
Epinephrine Injection
Epinephrine Pediatrics
Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine
Citanest Forte DENTAL
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI
Ultracaine DS Forte Inj
The Solution
Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine
Orostat 8%
Adyphren II Kit
Epinephrine 0.3 Adults
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000
Epinephrine Professional EMS
Ultracaine DS Inj
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose
D-Care 100X
E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution
Posicaine Sp
Adrenalin
Gingi-pak Max 2-ply
Zorcaine
Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000
Articaine
EpinephrineSnap-EMS
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Adrenalin Vials
Epipen Jr
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate
Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection
Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml)
Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector
Lignospan Forte
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector
Primatene Mist Refill
2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP
Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml
Taroclick Epinephrine Junior
Crown-pak Max 4-ply
Gold Label Anorectal Numbing Spray
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml)
EPY II Kit
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection
Minnerva II
Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Medihaler-Epi
Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector
Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Ephinephrine
Marcaine with Epinephrine
Anapen Junior
Articaine HCl and Epinephrine
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000
Allerject
Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution
Adyphren Kit
E-pilo-2 Oph Soln
Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000
Dysne Inhal
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Xylocaine
EpiPen
Xylocaine MPF
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000
Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3
Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5%
Sensorcaine Mpf
Twinject
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Pro Numb
Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml
Epipen
Epinephrine 0.15 Pediatrics
Lidocaine
LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose
Epinephrine Injection USP
Lixtraxen 1%
E-pilo-1 Oph Soln
Adrenalin (epinephrine in sodium chloride)
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine
Epinephrinesnap-V
Orabloc 1:100,000
Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP
Septanest Sp
Posicaine N
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2
Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000
Lidocaine Hci
LIDOCAINE HCl
Gingi-pak Pellets
E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution
Adrenalin Topical Solution
Adyphren Amp II Kit
Articadent
E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution
Basic Dental Emergency Kit
Spinal Anaesthesia Tray
Gingi Pak Cord No 1
E-pilo-4 Oph Soln
E-pilo-6 Oph Soln
QKit Procedure Tray
Indication
Epinephrine injection and nasal spray are indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.[L41260, L51798] Epinephrine injection is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is so used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open-angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
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