Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml)
Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP
Orabloc 1:200,000
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1
Vivacaine
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Gingi Pak Cord No 1
Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection
Adyphren Kit
2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP
QKit Procedure Tray
E-pilo-1 Oph Soln
Citanest Forte DENTAL
Adrenalin(r)
Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Xylocaine MPF
Octocaine 100
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1
Sensorcaine Mpf
Epipen
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Articaine
Epinephrine Chloride Solution
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Dysne Inhal
E-pilo-6 Oph Soln
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000
Posicaine N
Septocaine
Adrenaclick
Posicaine Sp
Epinephrine
Primatene Mist
Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt
Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5%
Orostat 8%
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3
EPY Kit
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2
Sensorcaine Forte
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml)
Medihaler-Epi
Taroclick Epinephrine Junior
Adrenalin Topical Solution
Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Epinephrine Injection
Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50%
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Xylocaine with epinephrine
Sensorcaine
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Octocaine 50
Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit
Numquick Analgesic
Gingi-pak Max 2-ply
Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj
The Solution
E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution
Septanest N
E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution
Lignospan Speciale Inj
Primatene Mist Refill
Anapen Junior
Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP
Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000
Emerade
Gingi-pak Pellets
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate
Vasocaine
Crown-pak Max 4-ply
Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Ana-kit
Auvi-Q
Prime Asthma Relief
E-pilo-4 Oph Soln
Lidocaine Hci
Epinephrine Injection USP
LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE
Spinal Anaesthesia Tray
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj
Lixtraxen 1%
Leep RediKit
Zorcaine
Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Citanest Forte
Xylocaine-mpf With Epi
E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3
Scandonest 2% Special Inj
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Marcaine
EpinephrineSnap-V
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP
Lignospan Forte
Gingi-pak Cotton Coil
Ultacan Forte
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000
Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine
Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine
Anapen
Blue Gel Anesthetic
E-pilo-2 Oph Soln
Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Orabloc 1:100,000
Adyphren Amp II Kit
Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector
Lignospan Standard
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000
Taroclick Epinephrine
Spinal Anesthesia Tray
Lidocaine
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Articaine HCl and Epinephrine
Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector
Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector
EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Sensorcaine With Epinephrine
Epinephrinesnap-V
D-Care 100X
Xylocaine
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000
Adrenalin (epinephrine)
EpinephrineSnap-EMS
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection
Lidosite
Septanest Sp
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00
Numquick Topical Analgesic
Twinject
LIDOCAINE HCl
SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine
Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq
E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution
Marcaine with Epinephrine
Septocaine and Epinephrine
Articadent
Allerject
Ultacan
Minnerva II
Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000
Zone 2
Epinephrine Professional EMS
Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector
Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml
Adyphren Amp Kit
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI
EpiPen Jr
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE
Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im)
Symjepi
Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000
Marcaine E
Ultracaine DS Inj
The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief
Ultracaine D-S Injection
Adyphren II Kit
EpiPen
Orabloc
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label
Ephinephrine
EPY II Kit
Marcaine With Epinephrine
Ultracaine DS Forte Inj
Epipen Jr
4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000
Indication
Epinephrine injection is indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. It is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is also used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS.
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