ALE

L-EPINEPHRINE

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is present as a standalone ligand in 6 entries

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Chemical Component Summary
Name	L-EPINEPHRINE
Synonyms	ADRENALINE
Identifiers	4-[(1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-oxidanyl-ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
Formula	C₉ H₁₃ N O₃
Molecular Weight	183.204
Type	NON-POLYMER
Isomeric SMILES	CNC[C@@H](c1ccc(c(c1)O)O)O
InChI	InChI=1S/C9H13NO3/c1-10-5-9(13)6-2-3-7(11)8(12)4-6/h2-4,9-13H,5H2,1H3/t9-/m0/s1
InChIKey	UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-VIFPVBQESA-N

Chemical Details
Formal Charge	0
Atom Count	26
Chiral Atom Count	1
Bond Count	26
Aromatic Bond Count	6

Drug Info: DrugBank

DrugBank ID	DB00668
Name	Epinephrine
Groups	approved vet_approved
Description	Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
Synonyms	Epinephrine Epinefrin Epinephrine bitartrate Epinephrine acetate Epinephrinum (R)-(-)-Epirenamine Adrenaline L-Adrenaline 4-[(1R)-1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-1,2-benzenediol Epinefrina Epinephrin Epinephrine hydrochloride (R)-(-)-Epinephrine (−)-(R)-epinephrine (R)-(−)-adrenaline Levoepinephrine (−)-adrenaline (R)-(-)-Adrenaline (−)-3,4-dihydroxy-α-((methylamino)methyl)benzyl alcohol Adrénaline (R)-(-)-Adnephrine
Brand Names	Epinephrine Professional Adrenalin 4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml) Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP Orabloc 1:200,000 Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1 Vivacaine Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000 Gingi Pak Cord No 1 Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection Adyphren Kit 2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP QKit Procedure Tray E-pilo-1 Oph Soln Citanest Forte DENTAL Adrenalin(r) Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000 Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Xylocaine MPF Octocaine 100 Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000 Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1 Sensorcaine Mpf Epipen Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000 Articaine Epinephrine Chloride Solution Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Epinephrine Convenience Kit Dysne Inhal E-pilo-6 Oph Soln Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000 Posicaine N Septocaine Adrenaclick Posicaine Sp Epinephrine Primatene Mist Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5% Orostat 8% Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3 EPY Kit Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2 Sensorcaine Forte 4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml) Medihaler-Epi Taroclick Epinephrine Junior Adrenalin Topical Solution Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine) Epinephrine Injection Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50% Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Xylocaine with epinephrine Sensorcaine Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Octocaine 50 Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit Numquick Analgesic Gingi-pak Max 2-ply Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj The Solution E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution Septanest N E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution Lignospan Speciale Inj Primatene Mist Refill Anapen Junior Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000 Emerade Gingi-pak Pellets Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000 Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Vasocaine Crown-pak Max 4-ply Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine Ana-kit Auvi-Q Prime Asthma Relief E-pilo-4 Oph Soln Lidocaine Hci Epinephrine Injection USP LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE Spinal Anaesthesia Tray Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000 Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj Lixtraxen 1% Leep RediKit Zorcaine Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine) Citanest Forte Xylocaine-mpf With Epi E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3 Scandonest 2% Special Inj Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Marcaine EpinephrineSnap-V Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2 Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP Lignospan Forte Gingi-pak Cotton Coil Ultacan Forte Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000 Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine Anapen Blue Gel Anesthetic E-pilo-2 Oph Soln Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Orabloc 1:100,000 Adyphren Amp II Kit Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector Lignospan Standard Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000 Taroclick Epinephrine Spinal Anesthesia Tray Lidocaine Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000 Articaine HCl and Epinephrine Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit Sensorcaine With Epinephrine Epinephrinesnap-V D-Care 100X Xylocaine Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000 Adrenalin (epinephrine) EpinephrineSnap-EMS Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection Lidosite Septanest Sp Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00 Numquick Topical Analgesic Twinject LIDOCAINE HCl SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution Marcaine with Epinephrine Septocaine and Epinephrine Articadent Allerject Ultacan Minnerva II Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000 Zone 2 Epinephrine Professional EMS Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml Adyphren Amp Kit Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI EpiPen Jr LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im) Symjepi Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000 Marcaine E Ultracaine DS Inj The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief Ultracaine D-S Injection Adyphren II Kit EpiPen Orabloc Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label Ephinephrine EPY II Kit Marcaine With Epinephrine Ultracaine DS Forte Inj Epipen Jr 4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000
Indication	Epinephrine injection is indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. It is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is also used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Categories	Adrenergic Agents Adrenergic Agonists Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic alpha-Agonists Adrenergic and Dopaminergic Agents Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-Agonists Adrenergics, Inhalants Agents producing tachycardia Agents that produce hypertension Alpha-and Beta-adrenergic Agonists Amines Anti-Asthmatic Agents Antiglaucoma Preparations and Miotics Autonomic Agents Benzene Derivatives Biogenic Amines Biogenic Monoamines Bronchodilator Agents Cardiac Stimulants Excl. Cardiac Glycosides Cardiac Therapy Cardiovascular Agents Catecholamines Catechols COMT Substrates Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors (strength unknown) Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors (strength unknown) Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors Dental Agents Drugs for Obstructive Airway Diseases Epinephrine and similars Hemostatics Hyperglycemia-Associated Agents Local Hemostatics Mydriatics Nasal Preparations Neurotransmitter Agents OCT1 substrates OCT2 Inhibitors OCT2 Substrates Ophthalmologicals Peripheral Nervous System Agents Phenols Respiratory System Agents Stomatological Preparations Sympathomimetic (Adrenergic) Agents Sympathomimetics Sympathomimetics in Glaucoma Therapy Sympathomimetics, Plain Vasoconstrictor Agents
ATC-Code	A01AD01 R03AK01 B02BC09 C01CA24 S01EA01 R01AA14 R03AA01 S01EA51
CAS number	51-43-4

Drug Targets

Name	Target Sequence	Pharmacological Action	Actions
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	MVFLSGNASDSSNCTQPPAPVNISKAILLGVILGGLILFGVLGNILVILS...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	MNPDLDTGHNTSAPAHWGELKNANFTGPNQTSSNSTLPQLDITRAISVGL...	unknown	agonist
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	MGAGVLVLGASEPGNLSSAAPLPDGAATAARLLVPASPPASLLPPASESP...	unknown	agonist
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	MGQPGNGSAFLLAPNGSHAPDHDVTQERDEVWVVGMGIVMSLIVLAIVFG...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	MGSLQPDAGNASWNGTEAPGGGARATPYSLQVTLTLVCLAGLLMLLTVFG...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor	MDHQDPYSVQATAAIAAAITFLILFTIFGNALVILAVLTSRSLRAPQNLF...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	MTFRDLLSVSFEGPRPDSSAGGSSAGGGGGSAGGAAPSEGPAVGGVPGGA...	unknown	antagonist
Tumor necrosis factor	MSTESMIRDVELAEEALPKKTGGPQGSRRCLFLSLFSFLIVAGATTLFCL...	unknown	antagonist,agonist
Cytochrome P450 2C9	MDSLVVLVLCLSCLLLLSLWRQSSGRGKLPPGPTPLPVIGNILQIGIKDI...	unknown	inhibitor
Cytochrome P450 3A4	MALIPDLAMETWLLLAVSLVLLYLYGTHSHGLFKKLGIPGPTPLPFLGNI...	unknown	inhibitor
Catechol O-methyltransferase	MPEAPPLLLAAVLLGLVLLVVLLLLLRHWGWGLCLIGWNEFILQPIHNLL...	unknown	substrate
Monoamine oxidase	MENQEKASIAGHMFDVVVIGGGISGLSAAKLLTEYGVSVLVLEARDRVGG...	unknown	substrate
Solute carrier family 22 member 2	MPTTVDDVLEHGGEFHFFQKQMFFLLALLSATFAPIYVGIVFLGFTPDHR...	unknown	substrate
Solute carrier family 22 member 1	MPTVDDILEQVGESGWFQKQAFLILCLLSAAFAPICVGIVFLGFTPDHHC...	unknown	substrate
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Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. | PMID:21059682