Chemical Component Summary | |
|---|---|
| Name | THEOPHYLLINE |
| Identifiers | 1,3-dimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione |
| Formula | C7 H8 N4 O2 |
| Molecular Weight | 180.16 |
| Type | NON-POLYMER |
| Isomeric SMILES | Cn1c2nc[nH]c2c(=O)n(C)c1=O |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C7H8N4O2/c1-10-5-4(8-3-9-5)6(12)11(2)7(10)13/h3H,1-2H3,(H,8,9) |
| InChIKey | ZFXYFBGIUFBOJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Chemical Details | |
|---|---|
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Atom Count | 21 |
| Chiral Atom Count | 0 |
| Chiral Atoms | n/a |
| Bond Count | 22 |
| Aromatic Bond Count | 10 |
| Leaving Atoms | n/a |
Drug Info: DrugBank
| DrugBank ID | DB00277 Different stereochemistry |
|---|---|
| Name | Theophylline |
| Groups | approved |
| Description | A methylxanthine derivative from tea with diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, bronchial dilation, cardiac and central nervous system stimulant activities. Mechanistically, theophylline acts as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, adenosine receptor blocker, and histone deacetylase activator. Theophylline is marketed under several brand names such as Uniphyl and Theochron, and it is indicated mainly for asthma, bronchospasm, and COPD. |
| Synonyms |
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| Salts | Theophylline sodium glycinate |
| Brand Names |
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| Affected Organism | Humans and other mammals |
| Indication | For the treatment of the symptoms and reversible airflow obstruction associated with chronic asthma and other chronic lung diseases, such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis. |
| Pharmacology | Theophylline, an xanthine derivative chemically similar to caffeine and theobromine, is used to treat asthma and bronchospasm. Theophylline has two distinct actions in the airways of patients with reversible (asthmatic) obstruction; smooth muscle relaxation (i.e., bronchodilation) and suppression of the response of the airways to stimuli (i.e., non-bronchodilator prophylactic effects). |
| Mechanism of action | Theophylline relaxes the smooth muscle of the bronchial airways and pulmonary blood vessels and reduces airway responsiveness to histamine, methacholine, adenosine, and allergen. Theophylline competitively inhibits type III and type IV phosphodiesterase (PDE), the enzyme responsible for breaking down cyclic AMP in smooth muscle cells, possibly resulting in bronchodilation. Theophylline also binds to the adenosine A2B receptor and blocks adenosine mediated bronchoconstriction. In inflammatory states, theophylline activates histone deacetylase to prevent transcription of inflammatory genes that require the acetylation of histones for transcription to begin. |
| Route of administration |
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| Categories |
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| ATC-Code |
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| AHFS-Code | 86:16.00 |
| CAS number | 58-55-9 |
Drug Targets
| Name | Sequence Search | Pharmacological Action | Actions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adenosine receptor A2a | MPIMGSSVYITVELAIAVLAILGNVLVCWAVWLNSNLQNVTNYFVVSLAA... | yes | antagonist |
| Histone deacetylase 2 | MAYSQGGGKKKVCYYYDGDIGNYYYGQGHPMKPHRIRMTHNLLLNYGLYR... | yes | activator |
| Histone deacetylase 2 | MAYSQGGGKKKVCYYYDGDIGNYYYGQGHPMKPHRIRMTHNLLLNYGLYR... | yes | activator |
| Adenosine receptor A2b | MLLETQDALYVALELVIAALSVAGNVLVCAAVGTANTLQTPTNYFLVSLA... | yes | antagonist |
| cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B | MKKSRSVMTVMADDNVKDYFECSLSKSYSSSSNTLGIDLWRGRRCCSGNL... | yes | inhibitor |
| View More | |||
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. | PMID:21059682
