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TES

TESTOSTERONE

TES as a free ligand exists in 25 entries. Examples include: 1J96 6MDQ 5OG9

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Chemical Component Summary

NameTESTOSTERONE
Identifiers(8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-17-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
FormulaC19 H28 O2
Molecular Weight288.42
TypeNON-POLYMER
Isomeric SMILESC[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@@H](CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@]34C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H]2O
InChIInChI=1S/C19H28O2/c1-18-9-7-13(20)11-12(18)3-4-14-15-5-6-17(21)19(15,2)10-8-16(14)18/h11,14-17,21H,3-10H2,1-2H3/t14-,15-,16-,17-,18-,19-/m0/s1
InChIKeyMUMGGOZAMZWBJJ-DYKIIFRCSA-N

Chemical Details

Formal Charge0
Atom Count49
Chiral Atom Count6
Chiral AtomsC10, C13, C14, C17, C8, C9
Bond Count52
Aromatic Bond Count0
Leaving Atomsn/a

Drug Info: DrugBank

DrugBank IDDB00624 Different stereochemistry
NameTestosterone
Groups
  • approved
  • investigational
DescriptionTestosterone is a steroid sex hormone found in both men and women. In men, testosterone is produced primarily by the Leydig (interstitial) cells of the testes when stimulated by luteinizing hormone (LH). It functions to stimulate spermatogenesis, promote physical and functional maturation of spermatozoa, maintain accessory organs of the male reproductive tract, support development of secondary sexual characteristics, stimulate growth and metabolism throughout the body and influence brain development by stimulating sexual behaviors and sexual drive. In women, testosterone is produced by the ovaries (25%), adrenals (25%) and via peripheral conversion from androstenedione (50%). Testerone in women functions to maintain libido and general wellbeing. Testosterone exerts a negative feedback mechanism on pituitary release of LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Testosterone may be further converted to dihydrotestosterone or estradiol depending on the tissue.
Synonyms
  • 17beta-hydroxy-4-androsten-3-one
  • 17beta-Hydroxy-4-androsten-3-one
  • 4-Androsten-17beta-ol-3-one
  • 4-androsten-17β-ol-3-one
  • Androderm
Salts
  • Testosterone Cypionate
  • Testosterone Enanthate
  • Testosterone Heptanoate
  • Testosterone Propionate
  • Testosterone Undecanoate
Brand Names
  • Andriol
  • Androderm
  • Androgel
  • Aveed
  • Axiron
Affected OrganismHumans and other mammals
IndicationTo be used as hormone replacement or substitution of diminished or absent endogenous testosterone. Use in males: For management of congenital or acquired hypogonadism, hypogonadism associated with HIV infection, and male climacteric (andopause). Use in females: For palliative treatment of androgen-responsive, advanced, inoperable, metastatis (skeletal) carcinoma of the breast in women who are 1-5 years postmenopausal; testosterone esters may be used in combination with estrogens in the management of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause in women who do not respond to adequately to estrogen therapy alone.
PharmacologyTestosterone is a steroid hormone from the androgen group. Testosterone is primarily secreted from the testes of males. In females, it is produced in the ovaries, adrenal glands and by conversion of adrostenedione in the periphery. It is the principal male sex hormone and an anabolic steroid. In both males and females, it plays key roles in health and well-being. Examples include enhanced libido, energy, immune function, and protection against osteoporosis. On average, the adult male body produces about twenty times the amount of testosterone than an adult female's body does.
Mechanism of actionThe effects of testosterone in humans and other vertebrates occur by way of two main mechanisms: by activation of the androgen receptor (directly or as DHT), and by conversion to estradiol and activation of certain estrogen receptors. Free testosterone (T) is transported into the cytoplasm of target tissue cells, where it can bind to the androgen receptor, or can be reduced to 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by the cytoplasmic enzyme 5α-reductase. DHT binds to the same androgen receptor even more strongly than T, so that its androgenic potency is about 2.5 times that of T. The T-receptor or DHT-receptor complex undergoes a structural change that allows it to move into the cell nucleus and bind directly to specific nucleotide sequences of the chromosomal DNA. The areas of binding are called hormone response elements (HREs), and influence transcriptional activity of certain genes, producing the androgen effects.
Route of administration
  • Buccal
  • Intramuscular
  • Nasal
  • Oral
  • Subcutaneous
Categories
  • 3-Oxoandrosten (4) Derivatives
  • Anabolic Agents
  • Androgens
  • Androstanes
  • Androstenes
ATC-Code
  • G03EA02
  • G03BA03
AHFS-Code68:08.00
CAS number58-22-0

Drug Targets

NameSequence SearchPharmacological ActionActions
Androgen receptorMEVQLGLGRVYPRPPSKTYRGAFQNLFQSVREVIQNPGPRHPEAASAAPP...yesagonist
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. | PMID:21059682