The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor is a validated drug target for metabolic disorders. Ago-allosteric modulators are capable of acting both as agonists on their own and as efficacy enhancers of orthosteric ligands. However, the molecular details of ago-allosterism remain elusive. Here, we report three cryo-electron microscopy structures of GLP-1R bound to (i) compound 2 (an ago-allosteric modulator); (ii) compound 2 and GLP-1; and (iii) compound 2 and LY3502970 (a small molecule agonist), all in complex with heterotrimeric G s . The structures reveal that compound 2 is covalently bonded to C347 at the cytoplasmic end of TM6 and triggers its outward movement in cooperation with the ECD whose N terminus penetrates into the GLP-1 binding site. This allows compound 2 to execute positive allosteric modulation through enhancement of both agonist binding and G protein coupling. Our findings offer insights into the structural basis of ago-allosterism at GLP-1R and may aid the design of better therapeutics.
Organizational Affiliation:
School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Qilu Regor Therapeutics, Inc., Shanghai, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. dhyang@simm.ac.cn.
The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. dhyang@simm.ac.cn.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. dhyang@simm.ac.cn.
The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. eric.xu@simm.ac.cn.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. eric.xu@simm.ac.cn.
Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. zhang_yan@zju.edu.cn.
MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. zhang_yan@zju.edu.cn.
Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China. zhang_yan@zju.edu.cn.
Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China. zhang_yan@zju.edu.cn.
School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China. zhang_yan@zju.edu.cn.
School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. mwwang@simm.ac.cn.
The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. mwwang@simm.ac.cn.
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. mwwang@simm.ac.cn.
The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. mwwang@simm.ac.cn.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. mwwang@simm.ac.cn.
School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China. mwwang@simm.ac.cn.
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