6OPN | pdb_00006opn

CD4- and 17-bound HIV-1 Env B41 SOSIP in complex with small molecule GO35

External Resource: Annotation

Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification
Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification
Protein Family Annotation
Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation
InterPro: Protein Family Classification
Pharos: Disease Associations

Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification SCOP2 Database Homepage

Chains	Type	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Family Identifier	Provenance Source (Version)
I	SCOP2B Superfamily	Immunoglobulin (Ig) domain-like	8054493	3000071	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
F	SCOP2B Superfamily	Immunoglobulin (Ig) domain-like	8054493	3000071	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
C	SCOP2B Superfamily	Immunoglobulin (Ig) domain-like	8054493	3000071	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
H	SCOP2B Superfamily	Virus ectodomain	8085612	3001628	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
E	SCOP2B Superfamily	Virus ectodomain	8085612	3001628	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
B	SCOP2B Superfamily	Virus ectodomain	8085612	3001628	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)

Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification ECOD Database Homepage

Chains	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Architecture	Possible Homology	Homology	Topology	Family	Provenance Source (Version)
I	V-set_9	e6opnI1	A: beta sandwiches	X: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	H: Immunoglobulin-related	T: Immunoglobulin/Fibronectin type III/E set domains/PapD-like	F: V-set_9	ECOD (1.6)
F	V-set_9	e6opnF1	A: beta sandwiches	X: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	H: Immunoglobulin-related	T: Immunoglobulin/Fibronectin type III/E set domains/PapD-like	F: V-set_9	ECOD (1.6)
C	V-set_9	e6opnC1	A: beta sandwiches	X: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	H: Immunoglobulin-related	T: Immunoglobulin/Fibronectin type III/E set domains/PapD-like	F: V-set_9	ECOD (1.6)
H	GP41_1st	e6opnH1	A: a+b duplicates or obligate multimers	X: MPER trimer (From Topology)	H: MPER trimer (From Topology)	T: MPER trimer	F: GP41_1st	ECOD (1.6)
E	GP41_1st	e6opnE1	A: a+b duplicates or obligate multimers	X: MPER trimer (From Topology)	H: MPER trimer (From Topology)	T: MPER trimer	F: GP41_1st	ECOD (1.6)
B	GP41_1st	e6opnB1	A: a+b duplicates or obligate multimers	X: MPER trimer (From Topology)	H: MPER trimer (From Topology)	T: MPER trimer	F: GP41_1st	ECOD (1.6)
G	GP120_3rd	e6opnG2	A: a+b two layers	X: Ribosomal protein L31e-like	H: Ribosomal protein L31e/gp120 outer domain (From Topology)	T: Ribosomal protein L31e/gp120 outer domain	F: GP120_3rd	ECOD (1.6)
G	GP120_1st	e6opnG1	A: a+b two layers	X: gp120 inner domain (From Topology)	H: gp120 inner domain (From Topology)	T: gp120 inner domain	F: GP120_1st	ECOD (1.6)
D	GP120_3rd	e6opnD2	A: a+b two layers	X: Ribosomal protein L31e-like	H: Ribosomal protein L31e/gp120 outer domain (From Topology)	T: Ribosomal protein L31e/gp120 outer domain	F: GP120_3rd	ECOD (1.6)
D	GP120_1st	e6opnD1	A: a+b two layers	X: gp120 inner domain (From Topology)	H: gp120 inner domain (From Topology)	T: gp120 inner domain	F: GP120_1st	ECOD (1.6)
A	GP120_3rd	e6opnA1	A: a+b two layers	X: Ribosomal protein L31e-like	H: Ribosomal protein L31e/gp120 outer domain (From Topology)	T: Ribosomal protein L31e/gp120 outer domain	F: GP120_3rd	ECOD (1.6)
A	GP120_1st	e6opnA2	A: a+b two layers	X: gp120 inner domain (From Topology)	H: gp120 inner domain (From Topology)	T: gp120 inner domain	F: GP120_1st	ECOD (1.6)

Protein Family Annotation Pfam Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Description	Comments	Source
C, F, I	PF00047	Immunoglobulin domain (ig)	Immunoglobulin domain	Members of the immunoglobulin superfamily are found in hundreds of proteins of different functions. Examples include antibodies, the giant muscle kinase titin and receptor tyrosine kinases. Immunoglobulin-like domains may be involved in protein-prote ...	Members of the immunoglobulin superfamily are found in hundreds of proteins of different functions. Examples include antibodies, the giant muscle kinase titin and receptor tyrosine kinases. Immunoglobulin-like domains may be involved in protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions.	Domain
B, E, H	PF00517	Retroviral envelope protein (GP41)	Retroviral envelope protein	-	Family
A, D, G	PF00516	Envelope glycoprotein GP120 (GP120)	Envelope glycoprotein GP120	The envelope glycoprotein Gp160 of HIV1 is cleaved into the surface protein Gp120 and the transmembrane protein Gp41. The entry of HIV requires interaction of viral GP120 with the CD4 glycoprotein (Swiss:P01730) and a chemokine receptor on the cell s ...	The envelope glycoprotein Gp160 of HIV1 is cleaved into the surface protein Gp120 and the transmembrane protein Gp41. The entry of HIV requires interaction of viral GP120 with the CD4 glycoprotein (Swiss:P01730) and a chemokine receptor on the cell surface [1]. Gp160 us proteolytically cleaved n the trans-Golgi and activated by cellular furin or furin-like proteases to produce gp120 and gp41 [1,2].	Domain

Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation Gene Ontology Database Homepage

Chains	Polymer	Molecular Function	Biological Process	Cellular Component
C, F, I	T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4	molecular transducer activity coreceptor activity signaling receptor activity protein-containing complex binding binding MHC protein complex binding MHC class II protein complex binding immunoglobulin binding interleukin-16 binding protein binding cytokine binding protein tyrosine kinase binding kinase binding enzyme binding molecular transducer activity coreceptor activity signaling receptor activity protein-containing complex binding binding MHC protein complex binding MHC class II protein complex binding immunoglobulin binding interleukin-16 binding protein binding cytokine binding protein tyrosine kinase binding kinase binding enzyme binding protein kinase binding identical protein binding transmembrane signaling receptor activity virus receptor activity exogenous protein binding signaling receptor binding MHC class II protein binding MHC protein binding interleukin-16 receptor activity cytokine receptor activity immune receptor activity structural molecule activity extracellular matrix structural constituent protein homodimerization activity protein dimerization activity lipid binding cation binding transition metal ion binding zinc ion binding ion binding metal ion binding small molecule binding	cellular response to stimulus positive regulation of cell communication regulation of cellular process positive regulation of signal transduction response to stimulus signaling positive regulation of biological process regulation of signal transduction intracellular signal transduction cell communication positive regulation of response to stimulus regulation of intracellular signal transduction intracellular signaling cassette regulation of calcium-mediated signaling cellular response to stimulus positive regulation of cell communication regulation of cellular process positive regulation of signal transduction response to stimulus signaling positive regulation of biological process regulation of signal transduction intracellular signal transduction cell communication positive regulation of response to stimulus regulation of intracellular signal transduction intracellular signaling cassette regulation of calcium-mediated signaling positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling signal transduction positive regulation of cellular process regulation of biological process regulation of signaling biological regulation positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction regulation of response to stimulus calcium-mediated signaling regulation of cell communication cellular process positive regulation of signaling maintenance of protein location localization cellular localization maintenance of protein location in cell macromolecule localization intracellular protein localization maintenance of location maintenance of location in cell immune response immune system process adaptive immune response regulation of calcium ion transport regulation of localization transport regulation of transport regulation of monoatomic ion transport establishment of localization metal ion transport calcium ion transport monoatomic ion transport regulation of metal ion transport monoatomic cation transport biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms symbiont entry into host cell viral process symbiont entry into host viral life cycle biological process involved in interaction with host biological process involved in symbiotic interaction positive regulation of phosphorylation regulation of catalytic activity positive regulation of phosphate metabolic process regulation of transferase activity positive regulation of metabolic process positive regulation of molecular function regulation of phosphate metabolic process phosphate-containing compound metabolic process phosphorus metabolic process positive regulation of transferase activity positive regulation of phosphorus metabolic process phosphorylation positive regulation of catalytic activity regulation of molecular function positive regulation of kinase activity regulation of kinase activity regulation of phosphorus metabolic process metabolic process regulation of phosphorylation regulation of metabolic process developmental process multicellular organismal process cellular developmental process hemopoiesis cell activation cell development mononuclear cell differentiation lymphocyte activation lymphocyte differentiation leukocyte activation T cell activation cell differentiation anatomical structure development T cell differentiation leukocyte differentiation interleukin-15-mediated signaling pathway cell surface receptor signaling pathway response to cytokine cellular response to interleukin-15 cytokine-mediated signaling pathway response to peptide response to chemical cellular response to cytokine stimulus response to interleukin-15 regulation of leukocyte activation regulation of cell activation regulation of T cell activation regulation of immune system process regulation of multicellular organismal process regulation of lymphocyte activation myeloid leukocyte differentiation regulation of leukocyte differentiation positive regulation of monocyte differentiation regulation of developmental process regulation of cell differentiation regulation of cell development positive regulation of developmental process multicellular organism development positive regulation of cell differentiation positive regulation of hemopoiesis monocyte differentiation positive regulation of immune system process regulation of multicellular organismal development regulation of monocyte differentiation regulation of myeloid cell differentiation positive regulation of cell development regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation myeloid cell differentiation positive regulation of myeloid cell differentiation regulation of hemopoiesis positive regulation of multicellular organismal process positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation response to amine response to methamphetamine hydrochloride response to nitrogen compound cell adhesion positive regulation of cation transmembrane transport positive regulation of calcium ion transport regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol monoatomic ion transmembrane transport regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport monoatomic cation transmembrane transport regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport positive regulation of monoatomic ion transport positive regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport positive regulation of transmembrane transport positive regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport regulation of biological quality calcium ion transmembrane import into cytosol positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration inorganic ion transmembrane transport inorganic cation transmembrane transport transmembrane transport positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol regulation of transmembrane transport positive regulation of transport regulation of cellular localization regulation of monoatomic cation transmembrane transport calcium ion transmembrane transport calcium ion transport into cytosol response to other organism defense response response to external stimulus defense response to Gram-negative bacterium response to biotic stimulus defense response to bacterium response to bacterium response to stress response to external biotic stimulus regulation of protein modification process regulation of protein phosphorylation positive regulation of protein metabolic process regulation of primary metabolic process positive regulation of protein modification process positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process protein metabolic process positive regulation of protein kinase activity protein modification process positive regulation of protein phosphorylation protein phosphorylation regulation of protein metabolic process primary metabolic process regulation of protein kinase activity regulation of macromolecule metabolic process macromolecule modification macromolecule metabolic process positive regulation of viral life cycle positive regulation of viral process modulation by symbiont of entry into host regulation of viral entry into host cell regulation of viral life cycle regulation of viral process positive regulation of viral entry into host cell positive regulation by symbiont of entry into host regulation of biological process involved in symbiotic interaction response to lipid cellular response to ionomycin response to fatty acid response to oxygen-containing compound cellular response to ether cellular response to oxygen-containing compound cellular response to fatty acid cellular response to chemical stimulus response to ether cellular response to lipid response to ionomycin positive regulation of cell population proliferation positive regulation of cell activation lymphocyte proliferation positive regulation of leukocyte activation regulation of leukocyte proliferation cell population proliferation positive regulation of T cell activation positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation positive regulation of T cell proliferation regulation of cell population proliferation mononuclear cell proliferation regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion positive regulation of leukocyte proliferation positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion leukocyte proliferation leukocyte cell-cell adhesion positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion positive regulation of lymphocyte activation cell-cell adhesion positive regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation regulation of cell-cell adhesion T cell proliferation regulation of lymphocyte proliferation positive regulation of cell adhesion regulation of cell adhesion regulation of T cell proliferation regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains helper T cell enhancement of adaptive immune response positive regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains regulation of adaptive immune response regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains positive regulation of immune response regulation of immune response positive regulation of adaptive immune response positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade positive regulation of MAPK cascade regulation of MAPK cascade MAPK cascade ERK1 and ERK2 cascade regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade T cell selection response to alcohol response to ethanol response to granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor cellular response to granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus macrophage differentiation positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process positive regulation of biosynthetic process regulation of cytokine production cytokine production regulation of biosynthetic process regulation of interleukin-2 production interleukin-2 production gene expression macromolecule biosynthetic process positive regulation of interleukin-2 production regulation of gene expression biosynthetic process positive regulation of gene expression regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process positive regulation of cytokine production response to nutrient levels response to vitamin D response to nutrient response to vitamin cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription RNA metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process RNA biosynthetic process nucleic acid biosynthetic process DNA-templated transcription regulation of RNA metabolic process regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process regulation of RNA biosynthetic process positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process nucleic acid metabolic process positive regulation of RNA metabolic process positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process regulation of DNA-templated transcription response to estradiol	cell periphery cellular anatomical structure cell surface membrane plasma membrane external side of plasma membrane side of membrane membrane-bounded organelle intracellular anatomical structure intracellular vesicle intracellular organelle bounding membrane of organelle cytoplasmic vesicle vesicle membrane cell periphery cellular anatomical structure cell surface membrane plasma membrane external side of plasma membrane side of membrane membrane-bounded organelle intracellular anatomical structure intracellular vesicle intracellular organelle bounding membrane of organelle cytoplasmic vesicle vesicle membrane clathrin-coated vesicle endocytic vesicle membrane coated vesicle vesicle endocytic vesicle clathrin-coated vesicle membrane clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane intracellular membrane-bounded organelle clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle cytoplasmic vesicle membrane coated vesicle membrane organelle cytoplasm organelle membrane membrane-enclosed lumen endomembrane system intracellular organelle lumen endoplasmic reticulum lumen organelle lumen endoplasmic reticulum protein-containing complex plasma membrane protein complex plasma membrane signaling receptor complex membrane protein complex T cell receptor complex receptor complex membrane microdomain membrane raft organelle subcompartment endoplasmic reticulum subcompartment nuclear outer membrane-endoplasmic reticulum membrane network endoplasmic reticulum membrane early endosome endosome
B, E, H	Envelope glycoprotein gp41	structural molecule activity	viral process fusion of virus membrane with host endosome membrane membrane fusion involved in viral entry into host cell membrane organization cellular component organization membrane fusion fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane cellular process cellular component organization or biogenesis regulation of localization regulation of biological process cellular localization regulation of cellular process regulation of protein localization viral process fusion of virus membrane with host endosome membrane membrane fusion involved in viral entry into host cell membrane organization cellular component organization membrane fusion fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane cellular process cellular component organization or biogenesis regulation of localization regulation of biological process cellular localization regulation of cellular process regulation of protein localization positive regulation of receptor clustering biological regulation positive regulation of biological process positive regulation of protein localization to membrane localization within membrane protein localization to membrane localization regulation of cellular localization macromolecule localization receptor clustering positive regulation of protein localization intracellular protein localization regulation of receptor clustering regulation of protein localization to membrane positive regulation of cellular process virion attachment to host cell biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms adhesion of symbiont to host cell viral life cycle adhesion of symbiont to host biological process involved in interaction with host biological process involved in symbiotic interaction plasma membrane raft distribution regulation of cellular component organization positive regulation of cellular component organization plasma membrane raft polarization plasma membrane organization membrane raft organization endomembrane system organization membrane raft distribution plasma membrane raft localization membrane raft polarization regulation of plasma membrane raft polarization membrane raft localization regulation of plasma membrane organization positive regulation of plasma membrane raft polarization import into cell receptor-mediated endocytosis of virus by host cell transport establishment of localization vesicle-mediated transport symbiont entry into host cell clathrin-dependent endocytosis symbiont entry into host clathrin-dependent endocytosis of virus by host cell receptor-mediated endocytosis endocytosis endocytosis involved in viral entry into host cell viral gene expression viral protein processing	cellular anatomical structure membrane virion component virion membrane host intracellular membrane-bounded organelle host cellular component host intracellular part host cell membrane other organism part host cell cytoplasm part host intracellular organelle host cell endosome membrane host cell cytoplasm host cell part cellular anatomical structure membrane virion component virion membrane host intracellular membrane-bounded organelle host cellular component host intracellular part host cell membrane other organism part host cell cytoplasm part host intracellular organelle host cell endosome membrane host cell cytoplasm host cell part host cell endosome host intracellular region viral membrane viral envelope host cell plasma membrane
A, D, G	Envelope glycoprotein gp160	structural molecule activity	viral process fusion of virus membrane with host endosome membrane membrane fusion involved in viral entry into host cell membrane organization cellular component organization membrane fusion fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane cellular process cellular component organization or biogenesis regulation of localization regulation of biological process cellular localization regulation of cellular process regulation of protein localization viral process fusion of virus membrane with host endosome membrane membrane fusion involved in viral entry into host cell membrane organization cellular component organization membrane fusion fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane cellular process cellular component organization or biogenesis regulation of localization regulation of biological process cellular localization regulation of cellular process regulation of protein localization positive regulation of receptor clustering biological regulation positive regulation of biological process positive regulation of protein localization to membrane localization within membrane protein localization to membrane localization regulation of cellular localization macromolecule localization receptor clustering positive regulation of protein localization intracellular protein localization regulation of receptor clustering regulation of protein localization to membrane positive regulation of cellular process virion attachment to host cell biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms adhesion of symbiont to host cell viral life cycle adhesion of symbiont to host biological process involved in interaction with host biological process involved in symbiotic interaction plasma membrane raft distribution regulation of cellular component organization positive regulation of cellular component organization plasma membrane raft polarization plasma membrane organization membrane raft organization endomembrane system organization membrane raft distribution plasma membrane raft localization membrane raft polarization regulation of plasma membrane raft polarization membrane raft localization regulation of plasma membrane organization positive regulation of plasma membrane raft polarization import into cell receptor-mediated endocytosis of virus by host cell transport establishment of localization vesicle-mediated transport symbiont entry into host cell clathrin-dependent endocytosis symbiont entry into host clathrin-dependent endocytosis of virus by host cell receptor-mediated endocytosis endocytosis endocytosis involved in viral entry into host cell viral gene expression viral protein processing	cellular anatomical structure membrane virion component virion membrane host intracellular membrane-bounded organelle host cellular component host intracellular part host cell membrane other organism part host cell cytoplasm part host intracellular organelle host cell endosome membrane host cell cytoplasm host cell part cellular anatomical structure membrane virion component virion membrane host intracellular membrane-bounded organelle host cellular component host intracellular part host cell membrane other organism part host cell cytoplasm part host intracellular organelle host cell endosome membrane host cell cytoplasm host cell part host cell endosome host intracellular region viral membrane viral envelope host cell plasma membrane

InterPro: Protein Family Classification InterPro Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Type
C, F, I	IPR021963	T cell CD4 receptor C-terminal region	Domain
C, F, I	IPR036179	Immunoglobulin-like domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
C, F, I	IPR013106	Immunoglobulin V-set domain	Domain
C, F, I	IPR000973	T-cell surface antigen CD4	Family
C, F, I	IPR003599	Immunoglobulin domain subtype	Domain
C, F, I	IPR008424	Immunoglobulin C2-set	Domain
C, F, I	IPR013151	Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich domain	Domain
C, F, I	IPR015274	CD4, extracellular	Domain
C, F, I	IPR013783	Immunoglobulin-like fold	Homologous Superfamily
C, F, I	IPR007110	Immunoglobulin-like domain	Domain
C, F, I	IPR003598	Immunoglobulin subtype 2	Domain
B, E, H	IPR000777	Human immunodeficiency virus 1, envelope glycoprotein Gp120	Domain
B, E, H	IPR036377	Gp120 core superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
B, E, H	IPR000328	Retroviral envelope protein GP41-like	Domain
B, E, H	IPR037527	Envelope glycoprotein Gp160	Family
A, D, G	IPR000777	Human immunodeficiency virus 1, envelope glycoprotein Gp120	Domain
A, D, G	IPR036377	Gp120 core superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
A, D, G	IPR000328	Retroviral envelope protein GP41-like	Domain
A, D, G	IPR037527	Envelope glycoprotein Gp160	Family

Pharos: Disease Associations Pharos Homepage Annotation

Chains	Drug Target	Associated Disease
C, F, I	Pharos: P01730	Duchenne muscular dystrophy diabetes mellitus AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections lymphopenia coronary artery disease malignant glioma cryptococcosis neutropenia ovarian disease Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy pneumonia adult acute respiratory distress syndrome glioblastoma rheumatoid arthritis hepatitis B virus infection Duchenne muscular dystrophy diabetes mellitus AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections lymphopenia coronary artery disease malignant glioma cryptococcosis neutropenia ovarian disease Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy pneumonia adult acute respiratory distress syndrome glioblastoma rheumatoid arthritis hepatitis B virus infection severe combined immunodeficiency arthritic joint disease HIV infectious disease syphilis autoimmune disease IgA glomerulonephritis toxoplasmosis breast carcinoma influenza uveitis candidiasis kidney disease lung carcinoma vertebral column disease colorectal cancer lymphoproliferative syndrome COVID-19 measles cutaneous lupus erythematosus obesity disorder diarrheal disease peripheral neuropathy prostate disease agammaglobulinemia heart disease rhinitis allergic disease hepatitis C virus infection skin disease asthma hypereosinophilic syndrome tetanus Becker muscular dystrophy inborn carbohydrate metabolic disorder tuberculosis breast disease interstitial lung disease leishmaniasis vaccinia colitis lymphatic system disease congenital T-cell immunodeficiency malaria Crohn disease demyelinating disease Okt4 epitope deficiency pneumocystosis encephalitis retinitis AIDS helminthiasis sarcoidosis anemia herpes zoster subependymal giant cell astrocytoma atherosclerosis hypertensive disorder thrombocytopenia bone marrow disease infectious meningitis uterine disease cancer invasive ductal breast carcinoma liver disease vasculitis colonic disease

RCSB PDB Core Operations are funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (DBI-2321666), the US Department of Energy (DE-SC0019749), and the National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant R01GM157729.