Biological Assembly 1  

 3D View: Structure | Electron Density | Ligand Interaction

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Global Symmetry: Asymmetric - C1 
Global Stoichiometry: Hetero 3-mer - A2B 

Biological assembly 1 assigned by authors and generated by PISA (software)

Biological Assembly Evidence: gel filtration

Macromolecule Content

• Total Structure Weight: 95758.80 
• Atom Count: 6912 
• Residue Count: 816 
• Unique protein chains: 3

6CUO

Ras:SOS:Ras in complex with a small molecule activator

• DOI: 10.2210/pdb6CUO/pdb

• Classification: SIGNALING PROTEIN
• Organism(s): Homo sapiens
• Expression System: Escherichia coli
• Mutation(s): 1 


• Deposited: 2018-03-26 Released: 2019-02-06 
• Deposition Author(s): Phan, J., Abbott, J., Fesik, S.W.
• Funding Organization(s): null 

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Experimental Data Snapshot

• Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
• Resolution: 1.73 Å
• R-Value Free: 0.178 
• R-Value Work: 0.164 

Literature

Discovery of Quinazolines That Activate SOS1-Mediated Nucleotide Exchange on RAS.

Abbott, J.R., Patel, P.A., Howes, J.E., Akan, D.T., Kennedy, J.P., Burns, M.C., Browning, C.F., Sun, Q., Rossanese, O.W., Phan, J., Waterson, A.G., Fesik, S.W.

(2018) ACS Med Chem Lett 9: 941-946

• PubMed: 30258545 
• DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00296
• Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
  6CUR, 6CUP


• PubMed Abstract: 
  

Proteins in the RAS family are important regulators of cellular signaling and, when mutated, can drive cancer pathogenesis. Despite considerable effort over the last 30 years, RAS proteins have proven to be recalcitrant therapeutic targets. One approach for modulating RAS signaling is to target proteins that interact with RAS, such as the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) son of sevenless homologue 1 (SOS1). Here, we report hit-to-lead studies on quinazoline-containing compounds that bind to SOS1 and activate nucleotide exchange on RAS. Using structure-based design, we refined the substituents attached to the quinazoline nucleus and built in additional interactions not present in the initial HTS hit. Optimized compounds activate nucleotide exchange at single-digit micromolar concentrations in vitro. In HeLa cells, these quinazolines increase the levels of RAS-GTP and cause signaling changes in the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway.

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Related Citations: 

• Approach for targeting Ras with small molecules that activate SOS-mediated nucleotide exchange.
  Burns, M.C.,Sun, Q.,Daniels, R.N.,Camper, D.,Kennedy, J.P.,Phan, J.,Olejniczak, E.T.,Lee, T.,Waterson, A.G.,Rossanese, O.W.,Fesik, S.W.
  (2014) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 111: 3401




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Organizational Affiliation: 

Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV), CNRS and Grenoble Alpes Université, BP53, 38000 Grenoble Cedex 9, France, and.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, 71 avenue des Martyrs CS 10090, 38044, Grenoble, France.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,Collège Doctoral, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States.,Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 1041, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Department of Molecular and Systems Biology and Norris Cotton Cancer Center , Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , 1 Medical Centre Drive HB7936 , Lebanon , New Hampshire 03756 , United States.,CR-UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engeneering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901, Oeiras, Portugal. [e-mail].,School of Life Sciences, KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea. [e-mail].,Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland.,Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Academic Medical Center, Meidreefberg 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France.,Biomarker Discovery, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.,Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany.,DePaul University, 243 South Wabash Ave., Chicago, IL 60604-6116, United States.,Institute of Chemistry and Metabolomics, Center of Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine (CSCM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.,Lund Protein Production Platform (LP3) & Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; Scientific Activities Division, European Spallation Source ERIC (ESS), 221 00 Lund, Sweden. Electronic address: [e-mail].,SARomics Biostructures AB , Medicon Village, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden.,Center for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Nosopharm, 110 Allée Charles Babbage, Espace Innovation 2, 30000 Nîmes, France. Electronic address: [e-mail].,ManRos Therapeutics, Hôtel de Recherche, Centre de Perharidy, Roscoff, France.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica 01821, MA, USA. Electronic address: [e-mail].,the School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Integrative Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Science, General and Organic Chemistry Section, University of Milano, 20133 Italy.,University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Bioanalytics Group, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,Churchill College, CB3 0DS Cambridge, UK.,From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada, [e-mail].,Translational Research Program, BRI at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA.,Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR 8229 CNRS, Collège de France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris CEDEX 05, France.,School of Life Sciences, KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biology and Chemistry Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.,Epiremed SAS, 1 Rue des Pénitents Blancs, 31000 Toulouse, France.,Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry , University of Florence , Via della Lastruccia 3 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence , Italy.,Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. [e-mail].,Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland. [e-mail].,Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.,CREST/JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.,Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS 40220, F-38043, Grenoble, France. [e-mail].,Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemistry, Chair of Biochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany. [e-mail].,Pfizer Structural Biology and Biophysics, Groton, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.,Program in Structural Biology and Biophysics, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 6041 Gosselies, Belgium.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark.,Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States.,Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA. [e-mail].,Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; [e-mail] [e-mail].,Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea [e-mail].,Center for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Box 100245, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States.,Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Weihenstephan, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstr. 30, 81675, Munich, Germany. [e-mail].,State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China, and.,Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.,Laboratoire Architecture Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB-UMR 7257), Aix-Marseille Université & CNRS, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille cedex 09, France.,Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. [e-mail].,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Trogerstr. 30, 81675, Munich, Germany. [e-mail].,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, 45117, Essen, Germany.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada. [e-mail].,High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai 400 085, India.,International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.,Graduate School of Innovative Life Science , University of Toyama , 2630 Sugitani , Toyama 930-0194 , Japan.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Nova Southeastern University Cell Therapy Institute, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301.,Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.,Arietis Pharma, Boston, Massachusetts, USA [e-mail].,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Center for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada. [e-mail].,Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Archimedesweg 6, 2333, CN, Leiden, the Netherlands. [e-mail].,Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland.,the Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, and.,Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China.,Musculoskeletal Diseases, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.,European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Structural Biology Group, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, United States.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan. [e-mail].,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6059, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.,Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,CR-UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Bioinformatics Institute, A(∗)STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138671, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstr. 30, 81675, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,From the Institutes of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz.,Department of Cell Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, Netherlands.,Bioorganic Chemistry and Bio-Crystallography Laboratory (B(2)Cl), Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z3.,Michael DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. [e-mail].,Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), 85747 Garching, Germany.,Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica 01821, MA, USA.,Seed Compounds Exploratory Unit for Drug Discovery Platform, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,MRC Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.,From The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, [e-mail].,Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Computer Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,JST, PRESTO, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.,Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Martinistrasse 52, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, 28759 Bremen, Germany.,Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.,Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori, Ako, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan.,ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, STFC, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.,Medicine Design , Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States.,Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Stanislaus, One University Cir, Turlock, California 95382, United States.,Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, India.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland. [e-mail].,Laboratoire de chimie moléculaire, CMGPCE, EA7341, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, 2 rue Conté, 75003 Paris, France.,Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, United Kingdom.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Epizyme, Inc. , 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica , Oeiras , Portugal.,Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Trogerstr. 30, 81675, Munich, Germany.,Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.,Bioinformatics Institute, A(∗)STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138671, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Research Institute for Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria. [e-mail].,Magnetic Resonance Center CERM , University of Florence , Via Luigi Sacconi 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence , Italy.,Dipartimento di Farmacia, Sezione di Chimica del Farmaco e del Prodotto Cosmetico , Università degli Studi di Genova , Viale Benedetto XV 3 , 16132 Genova , Italy.,Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRA, BIG, Grenoble, USA. [e-mail].,Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan.,European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Structural Biology Group, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000, Grenoble, France. [e-mail].,Neuroscience, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland [e-mail] [e-mail].,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Crystallography, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France.,National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Institute of Structural Biology, Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States.,Laboratory for Microbiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Wine Studies Santa Rosa Junior College CA USA.,Department of NEUROFARBA-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50019 Florence, Italy.,Laboratorio de Investigación Bioquímica, Programa Institucional en Biomedicina Molecular ENMyH-IPN, Guillermo Massieu Helguera No. 239, La Escalera Ticoman, 07320 DF, Mexico.,Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland. [e-mail].,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Center for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme de Cristallographie, CNRS UMR 3528, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.,the Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,the School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand, and.,Institut de Recherches Microbiologiques Jean-Marie Wiame - Labiris, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.,Gorlaeus Laboratories , Leiden Institute of Chemistry and Netherlands Proteomics Centre , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333 CC Leiden , Netherlands.,Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biophysics, Protein Crystallography, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.,F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Konzern-Hauptsitz, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland.,Institute of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland. [e-mail].,Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrative Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Laboratorio de Estructura Biomolecular, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km 0.6, Apartado Postal 1735, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico.,Institute for Computational Molecular Science College of Science and Technology, Temple University, 1925 N 12th St, Philadelphia, PA 19122.,Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, 530A Steinhaus Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-3900, USA.,Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5400, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland [e-mail].,Laboratoire Pierre Fabre, 3 avenue H. Curien, 31100 Toulouse, France.,School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.,DGIMI, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary.,Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Institute of Structural Biology, Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark.,KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea. [e-mail].,Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Britannia House, London, SE1 1DB, UK.,Heptares Therapeutics Zürich AG, Grabenstrasse 11a, 8952, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,From The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Departments of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Biochemie , Technische Universität München , 85748 Garching , Germany.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui, China.,Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States.,2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Present address: Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK.,Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854.,Seed Compounds Exploratory Unit for Drug Discovery Platform, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan [e-mail].,Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S 34th St, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Structural Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan.,1National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Center for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.,Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States.,Olema Pharmaceuticals, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA.,Large-Scale Structures Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, 38042 Grenoble, France.,Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Laboratory of Basic Science on Healthy Longevity, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Biophysical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Lund University , Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.,Institute of Chemistry and Metabolomics, Center of Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine (CSCM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany. [e-mail].,Pfizer Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6GS, UK.,Institut Pasteur-Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub-C3BI, USR3756 IP Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France.,Galecto Biotech AB , Sahlgrenska Science Park, Medicinaregatan 8 A, SE-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Structural Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.,Ruhr University Bochum, Fakultät für Medizin, Institute for Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Microbial Biochemistry, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.,Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS 40220, F-38043, Grenoble, France.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrative Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden; [e-mail].,Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.,Takeda California, Inc. , 10410 Science Center Drive , San Diego , California 92121 , United States.,Department of Biology Pomona College Claremont CA USA.,Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy.,Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.,Division of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, and Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden; [e-mail] [e-mail].,Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah-21412, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. [e-mail].,Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemistry, Chair of Biochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Nano Life Science Institute (WPI NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.,Department of Microbiology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, United States.,Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, James Black Centre , University of Dundee , Dow Street , DD1 5EH , Dundee , Scotland , United Kingdom.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA [e-mail] [e-mail].,Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,DNA Damage Response Laboratory, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK.,Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Centre for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117557, Singapore. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Laboratory of Chromatin Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan. [e-mail] [e-mail].,Laboratory for Biocrystallography, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 822, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,From the New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand, [e-mail].,Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan.,The Central Oxford Structural Molecular Imaging Centre (COSMIC), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. [e-mail].,2CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica 01821, MA, USA. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Center for Developmental Therapeutics , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR3691, Paris, France.,Life Sciences Institute , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States.,3CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z3.,Université de Lorraine, INRA, IAM, Nancy, France.,Faculty of Chemistry, Philipps-University-Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR and Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232.,Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado Postal 629, Irapuato, CP 36821 Guanajuato, Mexico. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic.,College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Structural Biology, Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.,Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, China.,Proteros Biostructures GmbH, Bunsenstraße 7a, 82152, Planegg, Germany.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Centre for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117557, Singapore.,Pfizer Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6GS, UK. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Bioanalytics Research Group, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Centre, Göttingen, Germany.,LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology (Synmikro), Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany. [e-mail].,Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.,Institut de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France.,Biopharmanet-TEC Interdepartmental Center , University of Parma , 43124 , Parma , Italy.,Department of Structure of Macromolecules, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Box 596, S-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden, [e-mail].,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Bioinformatics Institute, A(∗)STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138671, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Institute of Biophysics, Goethe University, DE-60438, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada.,Université de Lorraine, LERMAB, Nancy, France.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain; 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid 28040, Spain.,Michael DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Institute for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen Str. 25, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Center for Innovative Antimicrobial Therapy, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRA, BIG, Grenoble, USA.,Bioorganic Chemistry and Bio-Crystallography Laboratory (B(2)Cl), Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.,From the School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand, [e-mail].,Rega Institute, The Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA. Electronic address: [e-mail].,The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom.,Department of Biochemical Sciences A.Rossi-Fanelli, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,PK Sciences, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.,Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals , Bayer AG , 13353 Berlin , Germany.,Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.,Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854; [e-mail] [e-mail].,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Toyama , 2630 Sugitani , Toyama 930-0914 , Japan.,School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China.,Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability , University of Parma , 43124 , Parma , Italy.,Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Republic of Korea.,Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.,the Norwegian College of Fisheries Science, Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway, and.,CR-UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.,Department of Food and Drug , University of Parma , 43124 , Parma , Italy.,Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. [e-mail].,Department of Theoretical Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, DE-60438, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas IEM-CSIC, Serrano 121, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.,Laboratório de Espectrometria de Massa, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5400, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.,MRC Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States.,Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1137, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.,Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.,Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. [e-mail].,Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India.,Human Longevity, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel.,Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. [e-mail].,RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.,Biomedical Research Institute, KIST, Hwarangro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: [e-mail].,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Moulder Center of Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, 3307 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States.,Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States.,Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacherstr. 5, 97078 Würzburg, Germany.,Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: [e-mail].,CNRS FRE3600 ETaC, bât. IBCG, 31062 Toulouse, France [e-mail].,Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 1041, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.,DNA Damage Response Laboratory, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 75005 Paris, France.,RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan. [e-mail] [e-mail].,Janssen Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium.,ConverGene LLC., 3093 Beverly Lane, Unit C, Cambridge, MD 21613, United States.,Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi- 75270, Pakistan.,the Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, and [e-mail].,Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. [e-mail].,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.,Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin 03674, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Tetramer Core, BRI at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA.,Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea. [e-mail].,Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6DG, UK.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Unit of Anti-Viral Immunity and Genetic Therapy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Chemical and Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.,National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Berkeley Center for Structural Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK. [e-mail].,Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany. [e-mail].,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.,Life Sciences Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States.,Present address: Janssen R&D US, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 32610 Gainesville, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA.,Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Archimedesweg 6, Leiden, CN, 2333, the Netherlands.,Structural Chemistry and Biology Team, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, Technical University of Munich, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA. [e-mail].,Astex Pharmaceuticals , 436 Cambridge Science Park , Cambridge , CB4 0QA , UK . Email: [e-mail] ; Email: [e-mail].,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Focus Group "Clinical Cell Processing and Purification", Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany. [e-mail].,Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale,CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA [e-mail] [e-mail].,Biognos AB, SE-40274 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Half Hollow Hills High School East, Dix Hills, NY, 11746, USA.,The Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China.,Division of Renal-Electrolyte, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine , James Cook University , Cairns , QLD 4870 , Australia.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan. [e-mail].,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 1041, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Biocrystallography, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 822, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.,Université de Lorraine, INRA, IAM, Nancy, France. [e-mail].,Department of Oncology-Pathology , Karolinska Institute , CCK R8:01 , Karolinska Hospital , 171 76 Stockholm , Sweden.,Present address: Department of Molecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,University Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Departement Klinische Forschung, University of Bern, Murtenstr. 35, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.,Departments of Chemistry, Immunology, Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, In Vitro Pharmacology, Target Protein Design and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.,Translational Medicine, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.,CNRS UMR8261-Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France.,Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China. Electronic address: [e-mail].,the Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.,Constellation Pharmaceuticals, 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA [e-mail] [e-mail].,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Laboratory of Chromatin Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.,Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.,From the Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, [e-mail].,Maison Française d'Oxford, CNRS, MEAE, 2-10 Norham Road, Oxford, UK.,Division of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, and Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden.,the Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,Computational Biochemistry, Zentrum für Medizinische Biotechnologie, Fakultät für Biologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45117, Essen, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.,Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRM2, Nancy, France. [e-mail].,Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University , Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.,National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems , 00136 , Rome , Italy.,The Central Oxford Structural Molecular Imaging Centre (COSMIC), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India.,School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, 309 Suyeong-ro, Daeyeon 3-dong, Nam-gu, Busan 608-736, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.,DISFARM, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione Chimica Generale e Organica, Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy.,Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.,the New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand, and.,Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR 8229 CNRS, Collège de France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris CEDEX 05, France. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Bayer AG, Muellerstrasse Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Crystallography, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan. [e-mail].,Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.,Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Structural Genomics Consortium and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology (Synmikro), Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,the Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.,From the New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,Pfizer Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6GS, UK.,Bahauddin Zakariya University, Botany Division, Institute of Pure & Applied Biology, 60800 Multan, Pakistan.,NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmaceutical Sciences Section, Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Via Ugo Schiff no. 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy.,Lund Protein Production Platform (LP3) & Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden.,Abteilung Physikalische Biochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Physiologie, Dortmund, Germany.,Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Nosopharm, 110 Allée Charles Babbage, Espace Innovation 2, 30000 Nîmes, France.,Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden.,Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Departamento de Áreas Acadêmicas, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia e Goiás (IFG), Luziânia, Goiás, Brazil.,Global Drug Development, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland.,Medicinal Chemistry , Merck KGaA , 64293 Darmstadt , Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. [e-mail].,the Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1ST, United Kingdom.,Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry, San Pablo CEU University, Urb. Montepríncipe, 28668, Boadilla del Monte, Spain.,Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 08544 Princeton, NJ, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 32610 Gainesville, United States.,Department of Chemistry, SUNY Cortland, Cortland, NY, 13045, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. Electronic address: [e-mail].,VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Espoo, Finland.,the Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, and.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Center for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,From the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Box 596, S-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Neuroscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute of, Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612, AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.,Pfizer Structural Biology and Biophysics, Groton, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA. Electronic address: [e-mail].,School of Life Sciences, KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Department of Biological Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 , United States.,Laboratory for Structural Biology of Infection and Inflammation, University of Hamburg, c/o DESY, Build. 22a, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. [e-mail].,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund University BMC-C1228b , Klinikgatan 28, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.,Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Discovery Sciences, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium.,Aix-Marseille Université, IRBA, TMCD2 UMR-MD1, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France.,Neuroscience, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.,Science for Life Laboratory Department of Theoretical Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK. [e-mail].,University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.,Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA [e-mail] [e-mail].,Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.,The Center for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z3.,Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, and.,Institut Pasteur, Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, CNRS UMR 3528 & Université Paris Diderot, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.,Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.,H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden. [e-mail].,CNRS FRE3600 ETaC, bât. IBCG, 31062 Toulouse, France.,European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany.,Molecular Chirality Research, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.,Discovery Technologies , Merck KGaA , Frankfurter Straße 250 , 64293 Darmstadt , Germany.,Molecular Biophysics Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.,the Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany, and [e-mail].,National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China.,Centre for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117557, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Humans and the Microbiome Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Canada.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingostädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Unidad Asociada al IQM (CSIC), Alcalá de Henares, E-28871 Madrid, Spain.,the Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.,Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Laboratorio de Biofisicoquímica, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,Ciudad de México 04510, México.,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.,IPICYT, División de Biología Molecular, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, CP 78216 San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.,Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China.,German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,VIB-VUB Center For Structural Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,4Shanghai Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Seaver Chemistry Laboratory, Pomona College, Claremont, CA 91711, United States. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. [e-mail].,Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States.,Department of Biochemistry and the Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany. [e-mail].,Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50674 Koeln, Germany.,Biomedical Research Institute, KIST, Hwarangro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.,Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Bayer AG, Muellerstrasse Berlin, Germany. [e-mail].,Olema Pharmaceuticals, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA. [e-mail].,Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6059, USA. [e-mail].,From the Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.,5Markey Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA. [e-mail].,Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , California 92697-3900 , United States.,Northern Genetics Service, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.,Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, and [e-mail].,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 144, Molecular Mechanisms of Intracellular Transport, Paris, France.,Hauptman-Woodward Institute and Department of Structural Biology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences , University at Buffalo , Buffalo , New York 14203-1102 , United States.,School of Life Sciences and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China.,Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA. [e-mail].,Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado Postal 629, Irapuato, CP 36821 Guanajuato, Mexico.,Department of Medicine and Surgery , University of Parma , 43124 , Parma , Italy.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Archimedesweg 6, 2333, CN, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku, Finland.,Key Laboratory for Insect-Pollinator Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Apiculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK; Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, UK.,Division BIOCEV, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic.,From the School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.,the Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z3; [e-mail].,H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.,Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.,Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK.,Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.,From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.,iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901, Oeiras, Portugal.,Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. [e-mail].,Department of Crystallography, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,From the New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand, [e-mail].,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Epizyme, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.,Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.,Bioinformatics Institute, A(∗)STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138671, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, The Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan.,CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.,Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada.,Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France [e-mail].,Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, AlbaNova University Center, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 1258, Illkirch, France.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,The Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology of Fujian Province, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China. [e-mail].,Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China. [e-mail].,Department of Chemistry , University at Buffalo , Buffalo , New York 14260-3000 , United States.,National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. [e-mail].,Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine and Health Sciences , George Washington University , Washington, D.C. 20052 , United States.,Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. [e-mail].,Department of Chemistry Pomona College Claremont CA USA.,Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy.,Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK. [e-mail].,Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR 5253 CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Montpellier, France.,Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan. [e-mail].,Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, James Black Centre , University of Dundee , Dow Street , DD1 5EH , Dundee , Scotland , United Kingdom.,Instituto de Biotecnologia, UNAM, Av. Universidad 2001, Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.,Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan.,Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742.,Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy.,Center for Structural Biology, VIB, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Unité de Biologie Cellulaire de l'Infection Microbienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Promega Corporation , 2800 Woods Hollow Road , Madison , Wisconsin 53711 , United States.,Theodor Boveri Institute of Biosciences (Biocenter), University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China [e-mail] [e-mail].,National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, Shanghai, China.,Chemical Biology, Zentrum für Medizinische Biotechnologie, Fakultät für Biologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45117, Essen, Germany.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.,From the Institutes of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, [e-mail].,Center for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA.,Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Laboratory of Molecular and Structural Microbiology, Mataojo 2002, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay; Institut Pasteur, Departement de Microbiologie, 25-28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France.,Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. [e-mail].,Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States.,Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Departamento de Química, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán, Ciudad Universitaria, 44430 Guadalajara, Mexico.,Global Drug Development, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland [e-mail] [e-mail].,Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Lund University , Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.,Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG , 1221 Vienna , Austria.,Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research , Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa , Kanagawa 251-8555 , Japan.,Institut Pasteur, Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, CNRS UMR 3528 & Université Paris Diderot, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Vienna , UZA 2, Althanstrasse 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria.,Laboratório Nacional de Biociências-LNBio/Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais-CNPEM, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, No. 10.000-Guara, Caixa Postal 6192, CEP 13083-970, Campinas-SP, Brazil.,Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. [e-mail].,Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453 552, India.,Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States.,Laboratory of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry , Showa Pharmaceutical University , 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen , Machida, Tokyo 194-8543 , Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, CH-3012, Berne, Switzerland.,Arietis Pharma, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Hematology and Oncology , Kantonsspital St. Gallen , 9007 St. Gallen , Switzerland.,Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRM2, Nancy, France.,Present address: Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.,Institut Pasteur, Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, CNRS UMR 3528 & Université Paris Diderot, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France. Electronic address: [e-mail].,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Laboratório de Espectrometria de Massa, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.,Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742.,Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori, Ako, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan. [e-mail].

Macromolecules

Find similar proteins by: Sequence  |  Structure

Entity ID: 1
Molecule	Chains	Sequence Length	Organism	Details
GTPase HRas	A	167	Homo sapiens	Mutation(s): 1  Gene Names: HRAS (HRAS1)
Find proteins for P01112 (Homo sapiens) Go to Gene View: HRAS Go to UniProtKB:  P01112

Entity ID: 2
Molecule	Chains	Sequence Length	Organism	Details
Son of sevenless homolog 1	B	482	Homo sapiens	Mutation(s): 0  Gene Names: SOS1
Find proteins for Q07889 (Homo sapiens) Go to Gene View: SOS1 Go to UniProtKB:  Q07889

Entity ID: 3
Molecule	Chains	Sequence Length	Organism	Details
GTPase HRas	C	167	Homo sapiens	Mutation(s): 0  Gene Names: HRAS (HRAS1)
Find proteins for P01112 (Homo sapiens) Go to Gene View: HRAS Go to UniProtKB:  P01112

Small Molecules

Ligands 6 Unique
ID	Chains	Name / Formula / InChI Key	2D Diagram & Interactions
NA	C	SODIUM ION Na FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
FMT	A, B, C	FORMIC ACID C H2 O2 BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
GOL	B	GLYCEROL GLYCERIN; PROPANE-1,2,3-TRIOL C3 H8 O3 PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
MG	A	MAGNESIUM ION Mg JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
GNP	A	PHOSPHOAMINOPHOSPHONIC ACID-GUANYLATE ESTER C10 H17 N6 O13 P3 UQABYHGXWYXDTK-UUOKFMHZSA-N
FFS	B	N~2~-(3-chlorophenyl)-N~4~-[(furan-2-yl)methyl]quinazoline-2,4-diamine C19 H15 Cl N4 O KLRNKMZSARWWTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Modified Residues  1 Unique
ID	Chains	Type	Formula	2D Diagram	Parent
CSO	A	L-PEPTIDE LINKING	C3 H7 N O3 S		CYS

Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

• Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
• Resolution: 1.73 Å
• R-Value Free: 0.178 
• R-Value Work: 0.164 
• Space Group: I 4 2 2

Unit Cell:

Length (Å)	Angle (°)
a = 183.806	α = 90.00
b = 183.806	β = 90.00
c = 178.872	γ = 90.00

Software Package:

Software Name	Purpose
PHASER	phasing
PHENIX	refinement
HKL-2000	data reduction
SCALEPACK	data scaling

Structure Validation

Entry History & Funding Information

Deposition Data

• Deposited Date: 2018-03-26 
• Released Date: 2019-02-06 
• Deposition Author(s): Phan, J., Abbott, J., Fesik, S.W.

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Funding Organization	Location	Grant Number
	United States	Lustgarten

Revision History 

• Version 1.0: 2019-02-06
  Type: Initial release